Wildfires are one of the most significant natural hazards. Each year more than 7,000 wildfires occur across the country, burning an average of 2.5 million hectares of land. While lightning strikes cause many fires, nearly half are linked to human activity. As fire seasons grow longer and more intense due to climate change, preparation is no longer optional. Communities, families, and individuals all play a role in reducing wildfire risks and strengthening resilience.
Understanding Wildfire Risk
Wildfires are not confined to remote forests. They can and do reach suburban neighbourhoods, small towns, and even the edges of large cities. The Canadian Wildland Fire Information System (CWFIS) provides daily fire danger ratings and interactive maps that track fire activity 24 hours a day, seven days a week. By monitoring this system, Canadians can see real-time risks and prepare before fires threaten their area.
Another essential program is FireSmart Canada, a national organization that provides science-based guidance on how to adapt homes, properties, and communities to withstand wildfire. FireSmart teaches practical measures such as creating a 1.5 metre non-combustible zone around homes, choosing fire-resistant building materials, and maintaining defensible space by clearing brush and combustible items from yards. These steps may seem small but have been proven to significantly improve the survival of homes in fire-prone regions.
Before a Wildfire: Preparation is Protection
Preparation begins long before the first smoke is visible. Families should start by reviewing their insurance policies to confirm coverage for fire damage. The Insurance Bureau of Canada has emphasized that fire is typically included in standard home insurance, but homeowners should always confirm the details of their policy.
Households should also create an emergency plan and a ready-to-go kit with enough food, water, medications, and supplies to be self-sustaining for at least 72 hours. The Canadian Red Cross stresses the importance of evacuation readiness: families should identify two routes out of their neighbourhood, keep their vehicles fueled, and practice evacuation drills regularly.
For farms and ranches, evacuation planning should extend to livestock. The Canadian Food Inspection Agency advises that when evacuation is not possible, leaving animals unsheltered is safer than confined, as they have a better chance of avoiding smoke and flames.
During a Wildfire: Staying Safe
If authorities issue an evacuation order, it means you are at immediate risk and must leave without delay. An evacuation alert means you should be ready to leave at a moment’s notice. Understanding the difference saves lives.
While evacuating, follow official routes. Shortcuts may lead to danger or closed roads. The Red Cross recommends having your emergency kit already in your vehicle and valuables ready to go, reducing time spent making decisions when seconds matter.
If fire conditions worsen but evacuation has not yet been ordered, you can take protective actions:
- Close all doors and windows to reduce smoke intrusion.
- Move combustibles such as propane tanks, barbecues, and patio furniture away from buildings.
- Park your vehicle forward-facing in the driveway with windows shut, ready for quick departure.
Remaining calm and following official directions are critical. Wildfires can change direction rapidly, and situational awareness can save lives.
After a Wildfire: Recovery and Resilience
Returning home after a wildfire can be both relieving and overwhelming. The Canadian Red Cross Guide to Wildfire Recovery provides detailed advice for families in this stage. Safety comes first: burned areas may still contain hot spots that can flare up without warning. Protective gear such as boots, gloves, and eye protection should always be worn when re-entering affected areas.
Food and water safety is another key concern. Health Canada warns that any food exposed to heat, smoke, or soot should be discarded. Water sources may also be compromised, so residents should follow local advisories before using tap water.
The financial recovery process begins with documenting losses. Homeowners are encouraged to photograph damaged property, keep receipts for temporary living expenses, and contact their insurance providers as soon as possible. In some cases, disaster financial assistance programs may be available through provincial governments.
The Human Side of Recovery
Wildfires leave more than physical damage. They can cause lasting stress and trauma. The Canadian Psychological Association notes that experiencing wildfire evacuation and loss can result in anxiety, sleep disturbances, and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Community support networks play an essential role in recovery.
Neighbours checking in on each other, local volunteer organizations providing aid, and peer groups sharing coping strategies all strengthen resilience. Community centres, schools, and faith-based organizations often serve as gathering points for both practical help and emotional support.
Building Stronger Communities
Wildfire preparedness is not the responsibility of emergency crews alone. It is a collective effort. By adopting FireSmart practices, staying informed through the Canadian Wildland Fire Information System, and following Red Cross guidance on emergency readiness and recovery, communities can reduce risk and recover more effectively.
Preparation, awareness, and cooperation are the strongest tools Canadians have against wildfires. By working together, communities ensure that when the next fire comes, they are not just reacting but are ready to withstand and rebuild.